Bill Robertie is one of the few backgammon theorists who writes effectively for players at all levels of experience, and this beginner’s book is probably the best practical introduction to the game of the modern era.  Beyond all the requisite details of board set-up and rules, Robertie introduces essential strategies and tactics along with just enough in the way of probability and doubling theory to open up the excitement and subtlety of the game without overwhelming the novice reader.  He also walks us through two complete sample games, revealing the excitement and intrigue available from backgammon, a teaching method oddly lacking from most beginner’s books.

Backgammon Boot Camp started life as a series of articles Walter Trice wrote for the online backgammon magazine GammonVillage (still an excellent resource!). Walter’s series was called “Beginners’ Boot Camp,” and each of the articles (now chapters) presents a pithy, very practical tool, idea, or technique for making the right decisions in all phases of the game. Accomplished players too will find challenging and valuable new material here, particularly in the quantitative sophistication of Trice’s Effective Pipcount, a technique for evaluating racing efficiency that has been so widely embraced that ‘EPC’ is a metric displayed on eXtreme Gammon’s coaching screen, right next to the raw pip count. Beginners should not be put off by the complexity and mathematical subtlety of some of these later chapters, but rather focus on the chapters that they find most accessible and leave these others for later in their backgammon career.

Every reader will enjoy Trice’s lively prose, anecdotal illustrations, and vivid metaphors — despite the title, Chapter one presents backgammon not as a battle, but a roller derby!

This is a terrifically fun primer that offers up pithy, memorable backgammon advice in 52 readily digestible servings. While the writing is light and engaging, the advice is rock-solid.  Each chapter is vividly titled (“Learn to Count Shots,” “Rip Checkers Off,” “Double Volatile Positions”), making it a natural for browsing, but the material is presented in a careful sequence of increasing sophistication, so any player in the Beginner-Intermediate zone can skim over earlier, more obvious material if they like, and dig in when they discover new ideas. And even more experienced players can enjoy this book, if only to hear their intuitive perceptions of proper play made explicit.

Here’s a perfect book for introducing a friend or family member, young or old, to the game of backgammon. This book covers everything they will need to know to get playing, and presents the basics by means of simple diagrams paired enlivened by delightful cartoon drawings by popular illustrator Gray Joliffe. The book also introduces basic concepts like priming and duplication, and even explains the Jacoby Rule and beavering in its brief treatment of the doubling cube. For the vast majority of people out there who aren’t already gaming aficionados, this is the gentlest, most inviting intro you could ask for.

The popular “. . . for Dummies” instructional series tapped respected British backgammon author Chris Bray, to lay out the game in an appealing, accessible way for the beginning player, and this is Bray’s more traditional presentation of that material.  This fine introductory text covers a broad range of topics germane to playing backgammon at tournaments, in local chouettes and “money games” as well as online, so this isn’t just a book about how to play the checkers and when to deploy the doubling cube: it’s a practical guide to entering the whole wide world of backgammon beyond your kitchen table.

Mabardi’s conception of the game is fascinating and conveyed with style, clarity, and most of all, complete conviction. (Perhaps only Bruce Becker has written with such dismissive certainty.) He presents the player as a military commander withdrawing his troops from the field:  “backgammon is always a game of retreat, never of advance” (p.31). This model of the game provides the logic behind the “Middle East style” of play, where both back men are advanced with a host of opening rolls (64, 63, 62, 43, 41, 32) — and slotting is rejected as foolishness. Mabardi is equally dismissive of the entire notion of doubling, which he views as a mere gambler’s fad. Having failed to grasp the “25% rule” (along with most backgammon writers in 1930), he proclaims “. . . if two absolutely perfect players engaged in a match, there would never be an accepted double . . . The author’s chief objection to the double is precisely this — its only raison d’être is the incompetent play of those who use it. For there can be no final difference of opinion on the value of position; . . . two expert players will never disagree.” Many other passages make for amusing reading, particularly a chapter on etiquette in which he laments the annoying behavior of  the chortler, the grouser, and the coaxer among others.  This book was re-issued in 1974 to capitalize on American backgammon’s second wave — but sadly, they for some reason omitted the delightful art deco illustrations of martini glasses, cigarettes, and other stylish items that accompanied the board diagrams. Pictured here is the original hardback with  a rare dust jacket intact. For a more thorough account of this book and others from this era, see the 1930’s Chronology.

Although backgammon knowledge and practice have come a long, long way since 1970, The Backgammon Book remains one of the most effective introductions to competitive backgammon: fundamentals of dice probability, pip-counting, the “25% rule” for accepting doubles, and the concept of fair-settlement “equity” value inherent in a position are all here. Employing these kinds of tools is perhaps the defining difference between the novice and intermediate player.  In addition to the usual coverage of tactics and strategy, Jacoby and Crawford provide an interesting chapter, full of pictures, of the game’s ancient — and modern — history, as well as chapters devoted to the social aspects of the game: general etiquette, chouette practices (now largely outdated), tournament practices, and popular rule variations. As this introductory text doesn’t delve too deep into the complexities of the game, only a very few positions have proven to be inaccurate by modern computer analysis (#’s 47, 55, 71, 77).

This is one of the great backgammon books of the 1970’s, and its aesthetic qualities will do more to inspire a newish player to embrace backgammon than many “stronger” introductory texts written in the modern neural net era.  The writing is eloquent, the diagrams elegant, the typeface and graphics gorgeous.  Each chapter opens with a relevant quotation from Clausewitz on war. But there is no getting around the fact that much of Cooke’s guidance is outdated. A 5-3 opening roll should be played 13/10 13/8 because “At this point in the game the 3 point is almost irrelevant.” Still, the book captures the energy and thrill of backgammon competition, and the sections on settlements (oddly absent from most modern treatises on the game), chouettes, and psychology are always interesting to read, as are the three “great games” presented in the final chapter, for what they preserve about backgammon as played before games were commonly transcribed. In total, this remains a fine introduction to competitive backgammon — so long as it is promptly followed up with more current materials.

Backgammon for Blood! is possibly the most dangerous book ever written about the game. It’s not just that Becker’s suggestions are wrong-headed (Walter Trice memorably commented “Becker’s map of the world is missing a couple of continents.”) — but that he writes with such swaggering certainty that he’s likely to bend impressionable readers to his will.  What to make of a man who eschews an open 65 “Lover’s Leap” as “dull and plodding,” preferring to play two down from the midpoint?  The book is a pure study in money-game machismo, and reads best in a Schwarzenegger voice. Becker on the Jacoby Rule: “. . . all it does is coddle the lesser player; I don’t think he should stay out late at night playing backgammon if he needs that kind of protection.” This is also a book best purchased in paperback — the cover is priceless, even if it omits the exclamation point.

Paul Magriel’s 1974 treatise, simply titled Backgammon, is often called “The backgammon bible.” It is the one indispensable  book for all students of the game.  Magriel was the first to thoroughly systematize the essential strategic game types (Running, Holding, Priming Attacking) and to articulate, with vivid clarity, many of the concepts (“Golden Point,” “Safe Play vs. Bold Play”) that form the vocabulary of modern backgammon analysis. Although some of the specific positions in the book have proven to be technically off the mark by the modern robots, the underlying principles have endured as bedrock knowledge for the serious player.

The book has been re-issued in a 2004 soft-cover edition, with a new forward by Renee Magriel Roberts, who is also now credited as co-author.

The “luck factor” is a topic of perennial interest to backgammon players, so it’s refreshing to read the advice of a practitioner who decides he’s going to do something about it. If we presume he is in earnest, Baron Vernon Ball must surely rank among the great backgammon philanthropists, showing us how we can improve our dice through “Silva Mind Control” rather than hoarding the technique for personal gain. For instance, in a bear-off with two checkers on one’s own ace-point and an opponent on roll with a checker on the ace- and three- points, Ball encourages us to get busy:  “X does not sit idly by and accept as fact that he will lose. X knows that 2-1’s do appear and that he knows how to help make a 2-1 appear more often than probability. X visualizes a 2-1 on his mental screen and concentrates while O is rolling the dice …”(p.186).  If this weren’t reason enough to hunt down a copy, Chapter X just might be: Backgammon and Drugs: What Every Player Should Know. “If you have taken more than two or three tokes or smoke more than a single joint and want to play backgammon, find a member of the opposite sex and play for slave time or fun, but don’t expect to perform anywhere near your unstoned abilities.”  And don’t even get him started about methaqualone. . .

The title of Danny Kleinman’s first book is his most poetic and most playful, because clearly this is a write who enjoys counting. Over the course of sixteen years and twelve lengthy compilations of his backgammon writing, Kleinman offers plenty of vision and counting — and laughs.  Celebrated as one of the most numerate and mathematical theoreticians of backgammon, Kleinman also delights in describing the social and psychological aspects of the game, often to hilarious effect. Kleinman’s highly technical articles are leavened by more immediately practical ‘Dear Abby’-style exchanges with “Miss Lonelyblots” and a host of other amusing backgammon personae.  Kleinman’s books have been repeatedly reissued, most recently in nicely formatted hardback, spiral, or softback versions, and can also be purchased for iPad viewing via Applebooks.

While this weighty text indeed covers the basic rules and fundamental ideas of the game, it is hardly intended for the beginning player.  Rather, this almost encyclopedic overview of backgammon concepts, techniques, and strategies is perfect for the player who has already engaged in substantial competitive match or money play but has yet to acquire the terminology and working tools required for Open-level (expert) play. While it can be read sequentially, cover to cover, in an intense immersion in backgammon theory, it will be difficult for most players to absorb, retain, and apply such a flood of knowledge all at once. A better approach might be to read one, or a few, sections at a time and then spend time focusing on these few particular aspects of the game while playing practice matches online or against software programs like eXtreme Gammon.

This provocative modern book tends to divide readers quite sharply. Some disdain it (in part because the English is poorly rendered), while many others swear by it. Olsen claims to offer a bold new method of thinking about backgammon, based on the neural network AI technique underlying strong backgammon programs like XG. The result is “The Value Equation,” which evaluates the combined game-plan strength of any position (Prime + Blitz + Race + Contact) and thereby guides checker play and cube decisions.   If his method is as powerful as he claims, and if many readers can internalize it, the book may enhance our evolving understanding of the game. The jury is out, and will be for a good while. So approach this text with caution, but . . . ignore it at your peril?

The “theory” laid out in this weighty tome isn’t for the serious beginner looking to start from the ground up with the basics. Rather, Schiemann lays out the mathematical considerations that govern optimal play in match and money play situations before pursuing a series of deep dives into a whole slate of specialized situations that bedevil already expert players looking to achieve world-class skills: doubling windows, cube efficiency, checker-play implications of cube ownership, adjusting play against stronger or weaker opponents, etc. Unlike many recent publications in backgammon, this handsome hardback book is professionally designed and typeset, reflecting the care Schiemann has taken with his analysis and editing, justifying the high price tag for those committed enough to seriously study its contents.

A great deal of backgammon wisdom takes the form of general principles, rules of thumb, or mathematical formulas for quantifying racing chances or solving cube decisions. But when none of your tools point confidently to a best play, what then? Zdenek Zizka’s “storytelling” method is an approach to reaching a conclusion by projecting “what rates to happen” in the ensuing exchange or two, often by breaking down your opponent’s immediate reply into subsets of useful or useless numbers.  The informal tone of the writing won’t please everyone (and it’s riddled with typos), but it does capture the rough, over-the-board thought process the author is modeling. Zizka credits his youthful and meteoric rise in backgammon to his friend and teacher Mike “Falafel” Natanzon, who never published his methods, so we may be gaining some of them here.

This book encapsulates the wisdom delivered by the authors in a four-part series of lectures at the 2021 UBC event in Marbella, Spain. Mochy’s opening section on “Strategic Visualization” and Marc’s follow-up on “Game Plan Dynamics” provide an accessible, immediately useful guide to understanding the fundamental backgammon game plans and acting upon them, a skill that provides an essential bridge from the Intermediate to the Advanced level of play. Having studied these sections, even advanced players will approach games with a new clarity of purpose that leads to more deliberate, accurate checker play. Mochy’s intervening section on “Backgame Strategy” provides a detailed anatomy of the various backgame configurations and how to get the most out of them. The final section, “Cube Action in Undefined Positions” by Marc, addresses the vast field of mid-game cube decisions that cannot be addressed by the many reliable reference positions available for well-defined opening blitzes, holding games, and bearoffs. The “Olsen Point System” evaluates such a position by assessing available threats and viable game plans in a simple formula. This section requires a far more advanced level of expertise to digest and apply effectively, as it relies upon a firm mastery of game-plan evaluations to begin with. As a result, these master classes taken in sequence should be highly effective in driving any reader’s PR in the right direction. The book is available in a handsome hardback and a more economical paperback version.

Backgammon For Profit, written around the same time as Magriel’s Backgammon, could almost be regarded as an accompanying quiz book, inviting students of the game to build upon the broad conceptual knowledge provided by Magriel with a variety of more finely-tuned checker and cube problems. While modern backgammon software has found a fair number of Dwek’s solutions to be in error, this book can still be studied to great advantage, particularly if you annotate it with corrections discussed in Jeremy Bagai’s Classic Backgammon Revisited (listed elsewhere on this page).

The most infamous of quiz books, Barclay Cooke’s Paradoxes and Probabilities exemplifies the 1970’s “pure style” of play, which emphasized making priming points in order, recirculating deeply-placed checkers at the expense of racing advantage, and too-willingly falling into back games. Rolling out all 168 positions for Classic Backgammon Revisited, Jeremy Bagai discovered that well over half  of Cooke’s conclusions are contradicted by modern neural net programs, with a good third of them “badly wrong. ” So bring a curious but critical mind to this one — and keep Bagai’s book close at hand. Cooke’s writing is very persuasive, so this book could wreck your game if you’re not careful.

This very challenging problem book gathers 104 serious errors by world-class players in live tournament settings. All are checker-play problems, normalized for money play (so match score doesn’t come into it). It is the first backgammon text to make use of a neural net program, Jellyfish, to validate its conclusions, and the introduction provides a nice historical overview of bot capabilities and weaknesses at this early date. With the rollout data included for the top candidate plays, you can score your performance by the severity of your errors and calculate an average performance score for each of the thematic chapters, which point to perennially difficult game situations: “Anchors Aweigh,” “Pay Me Now or Pay Me Later,”  “Scrambling Home” etc. And of course it’s Kit Woolsey, so the analysis is predictably lucid and compelling — and particularly thorough as he weighs each plausible candidate move in turn out loud.

Where do backgammon writers get the positions for their books? Often, from their own high-quality matches, or by artificially setting them up to explore and validate sophisticated concepts.  Understanding Backgammon will appeal to intermediate players because the problems are all genuine game positions that got the best of a genuine intermediate player, Tami Jones.  The discussion of each problem comes in the form of a Socratic dialogue, with Kit Woolsey in the role of the philosopher bringing along his pupil — and the effect of hearing out the erroneous arguments in the course of arriving at the correct one is surprisingly effective, because we all need practice countering the bad arguments we form over the board (and cajoling our chouette partners into the right play). Woolsey is adept at making his arguments gently yet persuasively.

With the advent of strong backgammon-playing programs in the late 1990’s, it became possible to look back at the entire corpus of backgammon writing in fact-checking mode.  Jeremy Bagai rose to the task, running rollout analysis on all the positions presented in five seminal texts: Jacoby & Crawford’s The Backgammon Book (1970), Dwek’s Backgammon for Profit, (1975), Magriel’s Backgammon (1976), Cooke’s Paradoxes and Probabilities (1978), and Robertie’s Advanced Backgammon (2nd edition, 1991). Far from simply second-guessing the original authors with the help of a tool they lacked, Bagai proves himself worthy to be in their company with subtle analyses of how, and perhaps why, 120 of their problem solutions now appear to have been substantially incorrect.

In making this monumental effort, Bagai has also helped to rejuvenate these five excellent books, providing a means to study and enjoy them with confidence.

Most backgammon books take a thematic approach to organizing their lessons and example positions.  After all, the point isn’t to learn what to do in a specific, unique position — it’s to master principles of play that we can apply to frequently arising “kinds” of situations, right?   Well, yes, but somehow backgammon doesn’t always cooperate, serving up problems that yield placidly to general principles.   In What’s Your Game Plan? Hickey and Storer serve up 122 gnarly checker-play problems arising from the difficult middle-game phase, and walk you through the thought processes that world-class players use to arrive at the right answer.  Many of the problems arise from crucial inflection points in a game, when rival plays lead to substantially different approaches to winning — hence the title.  In addition to all the analytical practice, readers will come away from the book with an invaluable over-arching habit: actively thinking about and choosing among the viable game plans available to you, rather than playing backgammon as a series of disconnected quiz problems.

In 31 quiz-format chapters, Bill Robertie offers up 501 highly relevant backgammon problems that encompass most of the frequently-recurring situations that arise in competitive play.  The first 12 chapters are best read in sequence, establishing the major patterns and essential elements of backgammon, but thereafter you won’t be able to resist navigating at will among the 19 other sharply-defined topics, targeting the ones you struggle with most: “Action Doubles,” “Breaking Anchor,” and “Post-Ace-Point Games” among them.

James Vogl hit upon a brilliant strategy for a book: assemble a slate of a dozen world-respected backgammon greats (including former Harvard Square BG denizen David Wells!) and have them vie for a $5000 prize by quizzing them on 100 super-tough positions he had gotten wrong over the board. Then present the same 10-section quiz to readers accompanied by pithy, focused commentary from the contestants and summaries of what can be learned from each topical set of 10 problems. The resulting book is incredibly engaging, as the reader is invited to self-score and compare their results to the running totals of the “super geniuses.”  The book is full of memorable, useful “rules of thumb” and approaches to problem solving the reader can readily deploy over the board. While the graphics of the book have been lamented in some quarters (board diagrams are stretched screen shots of XG windows, making it hard to read the equity figures), the practical content and entertainment value of the book are easily worth the price of this softcover book.

This meticulous work of backgammon scholarship was made possible by the advent of strong computer-rollout programs and the dogged brilliance of both authors, who devote this entire volume to the proper playing of 3-1 in the first three exchanges of a backgammon game. The virtues and risks of various hitting, pointing and slotting options are weighed in each position, and similar positions are juxtaposed to help the reader form a deep understanding of the relative weight of different factors. Some students of the game will grow impatient with the narrow focus of this book; however, mastery of the dynamics of these early 3-1 plays should translate into superior early-game play in general. While further volumes had been planned (and eagerly anticipated), there is, alas, no Book B.

Michihito Kageyama’s Opening Concepts has been almost euphorically greeted by the backgammon community — at least among players who had not already achieved expertise in this area. Michy builds our understanding through a series of “proverbs” that express generally desirable actions or guide play in specific situations. Phrases like “Break the Mountain” (for “unstack”) and “Double Tiger” (hit twice in home board, leaving two blots) have already entered the popular backgammon vocabulary.  Although the book is less effective in helping the player weigh multiple factors that point in different directions, it is one that can do the beginning and intermediate player a whole lot of good in a short amount of time. The lessons are enlivened by Roland Herrera’s fanciful illustrations of “Nono,” which you’ll find delightful or annoying depending on your tolerance for puns and cute-factor. But if Nono is your idea of a deal-breaker you may need to lighten up.

Here at last is a thorough treatment of the opening few exchanges in backgammon. While you probably already know the best opening plays and perhaps even the replies,  Robertie offers a fresh take on how the various options compare in terms of assets and liabilities, while also providing intriguing historical notes on how professional practice evolved over the past century. And rather than pursuing the usual “rules & exceptions” approach to the opening replies, Robertie conveys the logic behind the most common default plays while also finding the common elements in smaller subsets of more difficult positions. The 3rd volume covers uncharted territory, looking closely at the utility of checkers run into the opponent’s outfield, and under-appreciated opportunities for doubling in the early game.

Modern Backgammon might seem like a generic title, but it’s not. At the time of writing, the backgammon world was getting roundly schooled by upstart neural net computer programs that were suddenly beating the best human players — but the ‘bots weren’t telling how.  What was needed was a master theorist who could study robotic play and translate its often baffling choices into accessible principles humans could apply over the board.  Bill Robertie does just that, offering four new conceptual arrows for our quiver: Efficiency, Connectivity, Non-Commitment, and Robustness. In a perverse twist, a later, even stronger program (eXtreme Gammon – ‘XG’) would overturn some of these earlier bot decisions — particularly in the chapter on “Robustness,” but these four concepts are here to stay. (For a guide to XG’s “corrections” of the text, see this analysis by Randy Pals.)

Michy Kageyama’s followup to his popular Opening Concepts (1917) fills a conspicuous gap in the backgammon literature. Nowhere else have we seen the routine mechanics of late-game checker play scenarios treated in such meticulous detail — which is a little surprising, given how frequently these situations arise.  How do you bear off checkers against an ace-point anchor in order to minimize your chances of leaving a blot? How about a deuce-point anchor? How do you bear in checkers to your home-board and then bear them off most efficiently in a simple race? How do you decide when to break your deep anchor, or split your checkers, when you are desperate to induce a game-saving blot against your opponent’s bear-off? Even expert players who think they know all about these topics will discover surprising and subtle techniques to help squeeze every bit of equity out of the final phases of the game.

The third in Michy Kageyama’s Backgammon Odyssey series of thematic studies addresses proper handling of checkers straggling in your opponent’s home board. Until you’ve successfully escaped both your back men, decisions about whether to split, or to run, or to give up a precious anchor in order to hit a blot are a nearly constant challenge, and Michy usefully characterizes back checker strategy into five distinct “phases” (though “scenarios” might have been a better term), elucidating useful precepts for handling common choices that arise in each. And as always, Michy employs colorful metaphors (“Butterfly Anchor,” “Glued Checkers”) to help his proverbial advice lodge in your memory.

It might seem that stronger players must be mathematical geniuses, or just have a powerful but mysterious intuition about the proper time to double, and when to pass . . . but mostly they just know lots and lots of reference positions. These are sharply defined, illustrative positions that represent a common type of situation you encounter over the board.  By comparing the position in front of them to a known reference position they’ve studied, experts can make confident and accurate decisions. In these two volumes of “Cube Reference Positions,” Kit Woolsey lays out a host of such positions guiding cube action in 19 categories covering all sorts of blitzes, holding games, races, back games, and touchy situations where you have a checker or two on the bar. Absolutely essential are the chapters on Holding Games and Post Ace-Point games. Long out of print, this essential resource has recently been made available as a digital e-book on Justin Nowell’s Backgammon University site.

The long-awaited second volume of doubling reference positions from Kit Woolsey covers ten additional scenarios where you’ll want to consider shipping (or passing) a cube. Chapter headings include novel concepts like “The Semi Blitz” and familiar situations where it can be particularly vexing to discern the proper cube action: “Containment,” “Escape,” “Crunching.” On the whole the sections seem a bit less sharply defined than those in Volume 1 (it would make sense that Woolsey would go after the most useful scenarios first), but there’s plenty here worth harvesting.

Backgammon has been long overdue for a good general-purpose introduction to doubling, and Marc Olsen’s book is currently the only quality entry in the field. For the sake of novice doublers, it might have been useful to lay out the vital concepts covered in “Chapter 0” more gradually, using illustrative examples rather than simply stating definitions, but Olsen is clearly eager to get to the main attraction.   Cube Like a Boss methodically covers 14 of the distinctive scenarios where cube action most typically arises (Early Bliss, Holding Game, Prime vs. Prime, etc).  It’s not a book that’s easy to absorb in a cover-to-cover reading, so students of the game will do best concentrating on one section at a time — perhaps going to the appropriate chapter when you discover over the board that you really don’t know how to think about doubling in certain situations, and then engaging in some deliberate practice against XG, drilling on the scenario. If you can integrate Olsen’s guidance in your play, you will indeed become a boss cube handler.

Studying holding game cube action is one of the very best investments of time you can make as a competitive player. They just come up so regularly that you’re going to benefit over and over again for even small improvements in play.  In this first book-length offering from respected author of the BackgammonVillage “Sticks and Stones” series of articles, Jacob “Stick” Rice shares his arsenal of four Rules and ten Reference Positions and then goes on to analyze a whopping 300 non-obvious holding game cube positions to thoroughly illustrate the considerations that lead to proper play. The positions don’t appear to be grouped or ordered in any particular way (there is a chapter division between the first and second halves of 150 positions, but no suggestion why), perhaps intended to emulate actual play, where every variety of holding game will appear at random. Rice’s analysis is concise and engagingly colloquial, modeling an approach to reasoning over the board that readers can hope to emulate.

This book provides a fascinating time-capsule view of backgammon as played at the highest levels circa 1973, in a trans-Atlantic throw-down between Barclay Cooke and his son Walter against a British team of Joe Dwek and Philip Martyn, both backgammon writers in their own right. In a somewhat misguided attempt at equalizing the luck factor, the matches were played “duplicate” style, with a single dice roller providing numbers for opposite players on the two boards (a practice dating back to backgammon parties in the early 1930’s). Of course, the two games diverge so quickly that the numbers no longer “mean” the same thing for both games (on one board a 66 dances on the bar while on the other it equalizes a losing race). The book perhaps reveals more about Barclay Cooke’s attitude toward competition than it illuminates effective backgammon strategy, but it certainly preserves a fascinating episode in the 1970’s era of the game.

These three books by Kit Woolsey simulate the experience of playing out a match in real time with one of the best, most articulate players in the world at your elbow, coaching you through the thought processes of both players. What’s more, as a trio, they illustrate vividly different match-play scenarios: playing from behind (Greiner/Marmorstein), playing with a lead (Sylvester/Ballard), and pitting a ‘pure’ vs. ‘modern’ style of action (Lidov/Heinrich).

In this monumental study of three matches featuring Malcolm Davis in contests against Ed O’Laughlin, author Marty Storer, and Frank Talbot, Storer produced what is widely regarded as the most substantive and sophisticated match analysis book in the literature.  Marty engaged the participants to talk through each game, so reading it feels like sitting at the table with them, as they re-trace their thought processes for the tougher plays and grapple with those decisions that Snowie took issue with in extended rollouts. Storer includes diagrams of alternative plays, so that options can be seen rather than merely visualized, and ends each game with a brief enumeration of “lessons” to be taken away and applied to our own matches. With an original press run of Praxis of only 600 copies, the books were unavailable for years, but have been newly re-issued in 2022 and are now available for sale on Amazon: Volume 1 / Volume 2.

This one is a must-read for anyone interested in the 1960’s – 70’s backgammon scene, as this weighty tome devotes as much space to anecdotal descriptions of backgammon life as to playing techniques. Meet the colorful characters of backgammon’s heyday (including Hugh Hefner, who writes the foreward), and travel the worldwide circuit with this inveterate raconteur: Las Vegas, London, Munich, Athens, Johannesburg, Beirut. Deyong’s idiosyncratic “Seven Pillars of backgammon” haven’t exactly stood the test of time (anyone out there remember “COMBASM”?) — so you can skim the backgammon advice and just enjoy the story-telling.  Pictured is the original hardback cover.

It’s worth remembering that backgammon as we play it is but one variation of the ancient games played on a common backgammon pboard in the Mediterranean and Middle East. The game the Greeks call Portes is the one that has come to dominate international backgammon competition, but many are still passionate about other games like Plakoto, Moultezim, and Gioul. The Tzannes brothers write, “They are by far much more interesting and exciting than [Portes]. Plakoto is without any doubt the king of backgammon games. Moultezim is a serious game for the fundamentalist, the pure strategist, the complete backgammon player.” If you hope to earn the affection of locals in cafes when traveling in Greece, learning how to play these versions of backgammon would be the best way to start.

A tome for the committed backgammon historians out there, this limited edition of 500 hardbacks published by the Union Club offers a history of backgammon as played in the world of exclusive New York City gentleman’s clubs. While the copious lists of club champions and award winners may be of interest chiefly to insiders, the book provides entertaining descriptions of the settings and traditions of backgammon play, and encyclopedic illustrated galleries of backgammon books, attractive, illustrations, and facsimiles of early rule sets, as well as a useful historical record of World Champions that we haven’t seen memorialized in book form before.  Available while supplies last from Carol Joy Cole’s Backgammon Boutique for a substantial but reasonable $150.

In this richly-illustrated two-volume set, Bob Wachtel captures the contemporary backgammon scene of the past decade our so by relating his wide experience of the game in a dazzling variety of settings and situations, introducing you to many prominent and colorful players of our times. While the focus is on recent history, Bob draws on his earliest days in the game in the late 1970’s as well, providing a useful account of how the traditions, practices, and social conventions surrounding the game have evolved over time — especially due to the advent of the ‘bots.  The mode of these volumes is anecdotal and philosophical, so practical backgammon-playing wisdom is only secondary, but the reader will come away with valuable perspectives on how to behave and thrive in the world of competitive backgammon.

Gifted raconteur Arthur Prater turned his pen to backgammon in this playful account of angle-shooter, opportunists and cheats in our favorite game.  There’s a long tradition of holding up familiar “backgammon types” dating back to the 1930’s, and books like this make for vivid snapshots of the backgammon styles and attitudes of the day, warts and all.

“A playfully serious backgammon books for players of all ages and levels,” this fanciful coloring book offers 10 positions analyzed by respected BG practitioners (Roberto Litzenberger, Wilcox Snellings, Dvid Todd, and our very own Marty Storer!). A stealth tactic for drawing people into the game (come for the coloring, stay for the analysis), this deceptively simple book introduces professional level concepts (complete with XG rollout data in the solutions) in a playful package (including a talking raccoon named Pip).

A playful follow-up to Color Me Backgammon is this celebrity cookbook in which a number of familiar names in the backgammon community offer two backgammon positions with analysis accompanied by a pair of recipes thematically linked to the backgammon action. Here’s your chance to learn how I make my martinis — and follow-up “hangover eggs” for the morning after! Other contributors include Art Benjamin, Arda Findikoglu, Michihito Kageyama, Roberto Litzenberger, David Presser, Marty Storer, and Antoinette Williams.